Handball is a dynamic team sport played on a rectangular court, typically indoors, with two teams of seven players each. The objective is to score goals by throwing a ball into the opponent's net. Each team consists of six outfield players and one goalkeeper, who is the only player allowed to use their feet to block shots.
The game begins with a throw-off from the centre of the court, and teams take turns attempting to score. Players can pass, dribble, and shoot the ball, employing various strategies to outmanoeuvre the opposing defence. The court is divided into two halves, with a goal area that restricts where only the goalkeeper can enter. The rules dictate that players may only hold the ball for three seconds before passing or shooting.
Handball has its origins in various ball games played in Europe during the 19th century. The modern version was formalised in the early 20th century, with the first official rules established in 1917. Since then, it has gained popularity worldwide, particularly in Europe, where professional leagues and international competitions thrive.
The sport is governed by the International Handball Federation (IHF), which oversees major tournaments, including the World Handball Championship and the Olympic Games. Handball is notable for its emphasis on teamwork and quick decision-making, making it an engaging spectator sport. Players require not only physical fitness but also mental agility to navigate the fast-paced nature of the game.
Team Handball: This is the standard version of the sport, played indoors on a court measuring 40m by 20m. Two teams aim to score by throwing the ball into the opponent's goal. The game consists of two halves, each lasting 30 minutes, and the team with the most goals at the end wins.
Beach Handball: An outdoor variation of handball, played on a sand court. The rules differ slightly from indoor handball, often allowing for different scoring based on shot difficulty. It emphasises speed and dynamic play, making it a lively version of the sport.
Field Handball: This is the historical predecessor to modern handball, typically played on grass fields. While less common today, it remains in play in some regions, preserving the original format of the game.
Wheelchair Handball: This type adapts the game for athletes with physical disabilities. It retains similar rules to team handball but is played in wheelchairs, promoting inclusivity within the sport.
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