A triathlon is a multisport endurance competition involving swimming, cycling, and running. Athletes complete these stages in sequence, with transitions timed as part of their overall finish. The sport is globally governed by World Triathlon, established in 1989 to organise official races, set rules, and gain Olympic recognition, which it achieved in 2000. Triathlons vary in distance and format: Sprint (750 m swim, 20 km bike, 5 km run), Olympic (1.5 km swim, 40 km bike, 10 km run), Half Ironman (1.9 km swim, 90 km bike, 21.1 km run), and Ironman (3.9 km swim, 180 km bike, 42.2 km run).
Triathlons emerged in the early 20th century with different formats in France, but the modern triathlon took shape in 1974 in San Diego, USA, with the first formal swim-bike-run event organised by Jack Johnstone and Don Shanahan. The Ironman, a prominent long-distance triathlon, began in Hawaii in 1978 and has since gained a global following. Triathlons have become popular worldwide, especially through events like the Ironman World Championship in Kona and other races held annually by the World Triathlon Series and Ironman 70.3.
The triathlon’s three disciplines demand balanced training in endurance, strength, and transition skills. Athletes often follow a structured regimen including swim, bike, and run sessions, with additional exercises to improve aerobic capacity and reduce the risk of injury. The cycling leg often prohibits drafting, making it more similar to time trials in professional cycling, while triathlon-specific bikes are designed for better aerodynamics. The run stage poses a unique challenge as athletes shift from cycling to running, facing muscle fatigue, which they train for using transition exercises known as "bricks."
Triathletes use specialised gear such as wetsuits, triathlon bicycles, and tri-suits to optimise performance. Race rules generally prohibit external assistance, and penalties can be imposed for infractions like early bike mounts, littering, or unsporting conduct. Triathlon events are classified into individual and relay formats; in mixed relay races, teams of two men and two women compete over short distances.
Major events include the World Triathlon Series, Ironman races, and various extreme and long-distance triathlons like the Norseman and Enduroman. Triathlons are also part of the Commonwealth, Asian, and Pan American Games. Each country’s triathlon federation works with World Triathlon to regulate the sport locally, ensuring it maintains consistent rules and standards across all levels of competition.
Triathlons come in various types, primarily defined by the distances of each segment—swimming, cycling, and running. These types cater to different skill levels, from beginners to elite athletes.
Becoming a leading global provider of digital solutions and services for the sports industry, enabling our clients to achieve their goals and reach their full potential.
We aspire to be a trusted partner and advisor to our clients, leveraging our expertise and passion for sports to help them succeed in a rapidly changing market.
