Weightlifting is a sport and fitness activity involving the lifting of weights such as barbells, dumbbells, and machines. The sport has ancient origins, with records of strength feats in Ancient Greece, China, and Scotland, where men lifted stones to demonstrate strength. In 1896, weightlifting was part of the first modern Olympic Games, and it became a permanent event by 1920. Olympic weightlifting includes two main lifts: the snatch and the clean and jerk. These lifts require a combination of strength, speed, and technique. Since 1972, these two lifts have been the only ones included in Olympic competition, with the International Weightlifting Federation overseeing the sport since 1905.
Beyond Olympic lifting, other weightlifting forms include powerlifting, para powerlifting, and strongman events. Powerlifting focuses on three main lifts: the squat, bench press, and deadlift. It developed in the 1950s and became an organised sport in 1972 under the International Powerlifting Federation. Para powerlifting, featuring the bench press lift, is a prominent event in the Paralympic Games, introduced in 1964.
People engage in weightlifting for various purposes, including strength, health, and appearance. Strength training, commonly used by athletes, improves muscle strength and endurance. Bodybuilding, another weightlifting form, focuses on enhancing physical appearance through increased muscle size. Weightlifting helps develop both types of muscle growth: sarcoplasmic hypertrophy, which increases muscle size, and myofibrillar hypertrophy, which enhances strength. Lifting weights has health benefits, including higher metabolism, fat loss, and improved joint stability.
The sport and practice of weightlifting involve risks. Common injuries occur in the lower back, shoulders, and knees, primarily due to the heavy loads and repetitive movements. Proper technique and gradual progression are essential to minimise injury risk.
In recent years, weightlifting has gained popularity among women, with many opting for weight training instead of traditional cardio. This trend reflects an increased focus on health, strength, and empowerment. While traditionally marketed to men, weightlifting now attracts a diverse audience, with many gyms reporting an equal gender split in weightlifting areas.
Weightlifting consists of various types, each with specific goals, techniques, and equipment. Here are the main types:
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